GeethaarTa Sangraham which has been Annotated as a Commentary in English By Oppiliappan kOil SrI Varadachari Sathakopan (www.sadagopan.org). This ebook is available at http://www.sundarasimham.
SWAMY DESIKAN'S SUMMARY OF THE 10th CHAPTER OF GEETHA – PAASURAM 11
The 10th Chapter of SrImath Bhagavath GeethA: has 42 slOkams.
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| Desikan - Srirangapatana |
This chapter is about the manifestation of the Divine glories of the Lord. AchArya RaamAnujA summarizes the purport of the Tenth Chapter this way: Having taught Bhakthi yOgA in the ninth chapter, Our Lord wanted to induce such Bhakthi and sustain it in Arjuna. Hence, He taught Arjuna further about His anantha klayANa guNams (“multitudes of auspicious attributes”) and that His rulership over the universe (sovereignty) is uncontested and without any match. The Lord revealed further that the Universe is ruled by His will and it serves as His sareeram and Himself residing inside it as its in-dweller (antharyAmi).
For creating Bhakthi for Him in those who did not have it before and for growing the Bhakthi of those who already have it, Bhagavan revealed that He has limitless auspicious attributes and that Svaroopa, Sthithi and pravrutthi of all created beings are under his sole control. This is the message of the Tenth Chapter.
எல்ைலயில்லாத தன் சீலமாமின்னதக்கடம்
எல்ைலயில்லாத விதிெயலாந் தனதானைமம்
எல்ைலயில் பத்தி தைனெயவிக்கத் திவளால்
எல்ைலயிலீசனியம்பினனிந்திரன் ைமந்தக்ேக.
yellaillAtha tann seelamAm innamuthakkadalum
yellaillAtha vibhUthi yelAm tanathu Aanamyum
yellayil bhatthi tanai yezhuvikkat-thiruvaruLAl
yellayil Isan iyambinan Indhiran MainthanukkE
MEANING OF THE FIRST LINE OF THE PAASURAM:
“Yellai illAtha tann seelamAm innamudhak- kadalum”
Our Lord is the indweller of all beings; He is totally devoid of any dhOshams. He is the abode of all auspicious attributes; He rules all from His position as the indweller. He is thus different in every way from the sentients and the insentients. Those who understand His svaroopam (intrinsic nature) and svabhAvam would be freed of all obstacles to Bhakthi unto Him and will be devoted to Him with unassailable bhakthi.
MEANING OF THE SECOND LINE OF THE PAASURAM
“Yellai ilAtha vibhUthi yelAm Tanathu aanamayum”
Our Lord uses one trillionth of His power as the ruler of the universe to be present in a pervasive manner in all of His created objects and beings. The disposition to begin something or to cease from any activity arises from the sankalpam of Lord, the indweller. The sentients and insentients of the universe can not overcome the will of the Lord during the state of Kaaryam, KaaraNam, manifestation in the gross (sthUlam) or subtle (Sookshmam) or in the states of creation, protection or dissolution (i.e.), they can not transgress His sankalpam in any one of the above states.
MEANING OF THE THIRD LINE OF THE PAASURAM
“Yellayil bhatthi tanai yezhuvikka”
Those who comprehend that the Lord is the abode of anantha kalyANa guNams and that he rules the universe as its KaaraNam will always have their minds united with the Lord. They cannot sustain themselves even for one second without Him. They will exchange their knowledge about the auspicious attributes of the Lord with other BhAgavathAs. They will stay happy in reciting or hearing about the sweet, superhuman deeds (athimAnusha leelais) of the Lord. Their Bhakthi will grow on and on forever.
THE MEANING OF THE FOURTH LINE OF THE PAASURAM
“(ThiruvaruLAl) yellayil Isan iyambinan Indhiran mainthanukkE”
The Lord of infinite auspicious attributes instructed Arjuna, the son of Indhran, the secrets about Bhakthi yOgam with great compassion.
Sva kalyana gunanan antya kritsna svadhina tam atih I
Bhaktya utpatti vivriddhaya artha vistirna dashamodita II — 14th SlOkam of GeethArTa Sangraham
स्व कल्याण गुणान अन्त्य कृत्स्न स्वाधीन तं अतिः Iभक्त्य उत्पत्ति विवृद्ध अर्था विस्तीर्णा दशमोदिता II श्लोक 14
(MEANING):
This tenth chapter reveals that BhagavAn’s KalyANa guNams are infinite. All of these guNams are under the total control of BhagavAn (Bhagavath adheenam). Lord's sovereignty over the entire universe created by Him is unmatched and is ruled by Him alone through his sankalpam. The universe is His body and He is the indweller of all the chEthanams and achEthanams of this universe. Those who comprehend clearly the tatthvams revealed in this chapter will become full of Bhakthi, if they did not have Bhakthi for the Lord before; those who had Bhakthi before would experience a growth in that Bhakthi.
SOME KEY SLOKAMS OF THE 10TH CHAPTER OF BHAGAVATH GEETHA
The number of the slOkams is after the text of the slOkam; the meanings are those given by Swamy AadhidEvAnandhA in his book Ramanuja Gita Bhashya.
Yo mam ajam anadim cha vetti loka saha eswaram I
asamoodhah sah martyeshu sarva papaih pramuchyate II sloka 3
यो मां अजम् अनादिं च वेत्ति लोक सहा इश्वरम् I
असम्मूढः सः मर्त्येषु सर्व पापैः प्रमुच्यते II श्लोक 3
“He who knows Me as unborn and without a beginning and the great Lord of the worlds --he among the mortals is undeluded and is released from every sin”.
Aham sarvasya prabhavah mattah sarvam pravartate I
Iti matva bhajante mam budhah bhava samanvitah II sloka 8
अहं सर्वस्य प्रभवः मत्तः सर्वं प्रवर्तते I
इति मत्वा भजन्ते मां बुधाः भाव समन्वितः II श्लोक 8
“I am the origin of all; from Me precede everything. Thinking thus, the wise worship Me with all devotion (BhAva)”.
Madchittah madgata pranah bodhayantah parasparam I
Kathayantah cha mam nityam tushyanti cha ramanti cha II sloka 9
मद्चित्तः मद्गत प्राणाः बोधयन्तः परस्परम् I
कथयन्तः च मां नित्यं तुष्यन्ति च रमन्ति च II श्लोक 9
“With their minds focused on Me, with their PrAnAs centered in Me, inspiring one another and always speaking of Me, they live in contentment and bliss at all times”.
Tesham satata yuktanam bhajatam priti purvakam I
Dadami buddhi yogam tam yena mam upayanti te II sloka 10
तेषां सतत युक्तानां भजतां प्रीति पूर्वकं I
ददामि बुद्धि युक्तानां तं येन मां उपयान्ति ते II श्लोक 10
“To those, who are ceaselessly united with Me and who worship Me with immense love, I lovingly grant that mental disposition (Bhuddhi yOga) by which they come to Me”.
Yat cha api sarva bhutanam bijam tat aham arjuna I
Na tat asti vina yat asyat maya bhutam chara acharam II sloka 39
यत् च अपि सर्व भूतानां बीजं तत् अहं अर्जुन I
न तत् अस्ति विना यत् अस्यात मया भूतं चर अचरं II श्लोक 39
“I am also that which the seed of all beings is. Oh ArjunA! Nothing that moves or does not move, exists without Me”.
In the 40th slOkam, Lord says that “There is no limit to My divine manifestations” (nAnthO asthi Mama dhivyAnAm VibhUhteenAm Paramtapa).
Yat yat vibhuti mat sattvam srimat urjitam eva va I
Tat tat eva avagacchatvam mama tejah amsha sambhavam II sloka 41
यत् यत् विभूति मत् सत्त्वं श्रीमत् ऊर्जितं एव वा I
तत् तत् एव अवगच्छत्वं मम तेजः अंश संभवं II श्लोक 41
“Whatever being is possessed of power or of splendor or of energy, know that as coming from a fragment of My power”.
In the 42nd and concluding slOkam of the Tenth chapter, Lord instructs ArjunA that “He stands sustaining the whole universe with a fragment of His power” (vishtabhyAham idham kruthsnam yEkAmsEna sTithO jagath).
Meaning from Alavandar's Gitarthasangraham, translated by Diwan Bahadur VK Ramanujachari, published by Andavan Ashram
Sva kalyana gunanan antya kritsna svadhina tam atih I
Bhaktya utpatti vivriddhaya artha vistirna dashamodita II — 14th SlOkam of GeethArTa Sangrahamस्व कल्याण गुणान अन्त्य कृत्स्न स्वाधीन तं अतिः I
भक्त्य उत्पत्ति विवृद्ध अर्था विस्तीर्णा दशमोदिता II श्लोक 14
भक्त्य उत्पत्ति विवृद्ध अर्था विस्तीर्णा दशमोदिता II श्लोक 14
The knowledge that the highest atma possesses numberless noble qualities, and that he controls all is calculated to create a love for him and make it grow in intensity. This point is described in detail in the tenth chapter.
Explanation. Verse 3 states that is one knows that the highest atma is a unique being, he will be released from all evil karmas, that stand in the way of his loving him; for he is unborn; he has had no beginning; and he is the great ruler of all the worlds. The first clause separates him from matter, which continually changes, and from the bound jiva, who is born, when he takes up a material body as the effect of past karma. The second clause states that his freedom from birth has had no beginning; and thus it differentiates him from the freed jiva, whose freedom from birth has had a beginning. He lived in karma-made bodies, and is therefore fit to be connected with matter. By separating the highest atma from him, it is indicated that he is unfit to be so connected, and that his nature is inimical to such connection. And he is the ruler of all the rulers of worlds. In the world we see that a king, who rules over men, is of the same class as they; and he has become their ruler as the effect of some good karma. This is the case with Indra, the ruler of the devas, and with the four faced being, the ruler of this world. But the highest atma is of an entirely different nature, and does not belong to the same class as others.
Thus, by the removal of obstacles, love for the highest atma will spring up by itself and it will grow in intensity by knowing him to be the ruler of all and to be the seat of all noble qualities. This is stated in verse 7
One, that knows correctly this vibhuti of mine and my being the seat of all noble qualities, attains unshaken yoga. There is no doubt on the point.
Here the term vibhuti means all beings depending on teh highest atma for coming into existence, their continuance and their movements. When love grows in intensity it may be known by the following marks:
Their minds fixed on me, and their prana resting upon me, they teach one another and ever describe me to others. Those that describe me are pleased; so also those that hear (verse 9)
This means that they ever think of him by their prana resting upon him, it is meant that if they do not think of him they cannot support themselves. The teaching refers to the attributes of the highest atma, which they know, but which others do not. The description refers to what is known already to all. Those that describe are pleased, as they regard it as an end in itself.
The mode in which the highest atma controls all atma is stated in verses 4 & 5.
The states of mind of all beings, however much they may differ from one another, arise from me alone
Some of these states of mind are stated in the verses as representative of all other states of mind. These states lead to doing a thing or to abstention from action. Intelligent beings are moved to action or abstention from action by influencing their minds. In this matter, even great personages like the seven great rishis of the past manvantaras and the 4 manus, are no exception. They conform to his will. (verse 6)
At this stage, Arjuna wished to know the vibhutis of the highest atma in greater detail, and requested him to describe them. Sri Krishna complied with the request, stating that there was no limit to the beings controlled by him and that he would mention the best in each class (verse 19). This he did by identifying himself with them thus.
Among the Adityas I am Vishnu, among luminous bodies, I am group known as Ravi; among Maruts I am Marichi; I am the moon the lord of the stars (verse 21) and so on
From this description it should not be concluded that the highest atma is identical with those enumerated in his swaroopa (substance). For Arjuna wished to know the beings, whom he controls; at the outset, it is stated that he is in the heart of all beings as their atma; and an atma is an an intelligent beings that supports and controls another; and at the very close it is stated:
Controlling all this world with a a little of my power, I remain (verse 42)
Hence the controller and the controlled are spoken of as identical; for they bear the relation of the atma and the body and these are usually spoken of as one.
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For an introduction given earlier to the Gitarthasangrahas by Swamy Alavandar & Swamy Desikan
For Essence of the 1st chapter go to
http://haricharanam.blogspot.
For Essence of the 2nd chapter go to
http://haricharanam.blogspot.
For Essence of the 3rd chapter go to
http://haricharanam.blogspot.
For Essence of the 4th chapter go to
http://haricharanam.blogspot.
For Essence of the 5th chapter go to
http://haricharanam.blogspot.
http://haricharanam.blogspot.
For Essence of the 2nd chapter go to
http://haricharanam.blogspot.
For Essence of the 3rd chapter go to
http://haricharanam.blogspot.
For Essence of the 4th chapter go to
http://haricharanam.blogspot.
For Essence of the 5th chapter go to
http://haricharanam.blogspot.
For Essence of the 6th chapter go to
http://haricharanam.blogspot.
For Essence of the 7th chapter go to
For Essence of the 8th chapter go to
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