This chapter is about the manifestation of the Divine glories of the Lord. AchArya RaamAnujA summarizes the purport of the Tenth Chapter this way: Having taught Bhakthi yOgA in the ninth chapter, Our Lord wanted to induce such Bhakthi and sustain it in Arjuna. Hence, He taught Arjuna further about His anantha klayANa guNams (“multitudes of auspicious attributes”) and that His rulership over the universe (sovereignty) is uncontested and without any match. The Lord revealed further that the Universe is ruled by His will and it serves as His sareeram and Himself residing inside it as its in-dweller (antharyAmi).
For creating Bhakthi for Him in those who did not have it before and for growing the Bhakthi of those who already have it, Bhagavan revealed that He has limitless auspicious attributes and that Svaroopa, Sthithi and pravrutthi of all created beings are under his sole control. This is the message of the Tenth Chapter.
எல்ைலயில்லாத தன் சீலமாமின்னதக்கடம்
எல்ைலயில்லாத விதிெயலாந் தனதானைமம்
எல்ைலயில் பத்தி தைனெயவிக்கத் திவளால்
எல்ைலயிலீசனியம்பினனிந்திரன் ைமந்தக்ேக.
yellaillAtha tann seelamAm innamuthakkadalum
yellaillAtha vibhUthi yelAm tanathu Aanamyum
yellayil bhatthi tanai yezhuvikkat-thiruvaruLAl
yellayil Isan iyambinan Indhiran MainthanukkE
MEANING OF THE FIRST LINE OF THE PAASURAM:
“Yellai illAtha tann seelamAm innamudhak- kadalum”
Our Lord is the indweller of all beings; He is totally devoid of any dhOshams. He is the abode of all auspicious attributes; He rules all from His position as the indweller. He is thus different in every way from the sentients and the insentients. Those who understand His svaroopam (intrinsic nature) and svabhAvam would be freed of all obstacles to Bhakthi unto Him and will be devoted to Him with unassailable bhakthi.
MEANING OF THE SECOND LINE OF THE PAASURAM
“Yellai ilAtha vibhUthi yelAm Tanathu aanamayum”
Our Lord uses one trillionth of His power as the ruler of the universe to be present in a pervasive manner in all of His created objects and beings. The disposition to begin something or to cease from any activity arises from the sankalpam of Lord, the indweller. The sentients and insentients of the universe can not overcome the will of the Lord during the state of Kaaryam, KaaraNam, manifestation in the gross (sthUlam) or subtle (Sookshmam) or in the states of creation, protection or dissolution (i.e.), they can not transgress His sankalpam in any one of the above states.
MEANING OF THE THIRD LINE OF THE PAASURAM
“Yellayil bhatthi tanai yezhuvikka”
Those who comprehend that the Lord is the abode of anantha kalyANa guNams and that he rules the universe as its KaaraNam will always have their minds united with the Lord. They cannot sustain themselves even for one second without Him. They will exchange their knowledge about the auspicious attributes of the Lord with other BhAgavathAs. They will stay happy in reciting or hearing about the sweet, superhuman deeds (athimAnusha leelais) of the Lord. Their Bhakthi will grow on and on forever.
THE MEANING OF THE FOURTH LINE OF THE PAASURAM
“(ThiruvaruLAl) yellayil Isan iyambinan Indhiran mainthanukkE”
The Lord of infinite auspicious attributes instructed Arjuna, the son of Indhran, the secrets about Bhakthi yOgam with great compassion.
SWAMY AALAVANTHAR’S SUMMARY OF THE 10TH CHAPTER
Sva kalyana gunanan antya kritsna svadhina tam atih I
Bhaktya utpatti vivriddhaya artha vistirna dashamodita II — 14th SlOkam of GeethArTa Sangraham
स्व कल्याण गुणान अन्त्य कृत्स्न स्वाधीन तं अतिः I
भक्त्य उत्पत्ति विवृद्ध अर्था विस्तीर्णा दशमोदिता II श्लोक 14
(MEANING):
This tenth chapter reveals that BhagavAn’s KalyANa guNams are infinite. All of these guNams are under the total control of BhagavAn (Bhagavath adheenam). Lord's sovereignty over the entire universe created by Him is unmatched and is ruled by Him alone through his sankalpam. The universe is His body and He is the indweller of all the chEthanams and achEthanams of this universe. Those who comprehend clearly the tatthvams revealed in this chapter will become full of Bhakthi, if they did not have Bhakthi for the Lord before; those who had Bhakthi before would experience a growth in that Bhakthi.
SOME KEY SLOKAMS OF THE 10TH CHAPTER OF BHAGAVATH GEETHA
The number of the slOkams is after the text of the slOkam; the meanings are those given by Swamy AadhidEvAnandhA in his book Ramanuja Gita Bhashya.
Yo mam ajam anadim cha vetti loka saha eswaram I
asamoodhah sah martyeshu sarva papaih pramuchyate II sloka 3
यो मां अजम् अनादिं च वेत्ति लोक सहा इश्वरम् I
असम्मूढः सः मर्त्येषु सर्व पापैः प्रमुच्यते II श्लोक 3
“He who knows Me as unborn and without a beginning and the great Lord of the worlds --he among the mortals is undeluded and is released from every sin”.
Aham sarvasya prabhavah mattah sarvam pravartate I
Iti matva bhajante mam budhah bhava samanvitah II sloka 8
अहं सर्वस्य प्रभवः मत्तः सर्वं प्रवर्तते I
इति मत्वा भजन्ते मां बुधाः भाव समन्वितः II श्लोक 8
“I am the origin of all; from Me precede everything. Thinking thus, the wise worship Me with all devotion (BhAva)”.
Madchittah madgata pranah bodhayantah parasparam I
Kathayantah cha mam nityam tushyanti cha ramanti cha II sloka 9
मद्चित्तः मद्गत प्राणाः बोधयन्तः परस्परम् I
कथयन्तः च मां नित्यं तुष्यन्ति च रमन्ति च II श्लोक 9
“With their minds focused on Me, with their PrAnAs centered in Me, inspiring one another and always speaking of Me, they live in contentment and bliss at all times”.
Tesham satata yuktanam bhajatam priti purvakam I
Dadami buddhi yogam tam yena mam upayanti te II sloka 10
तेषां सतत युक्तानां भजतां प्रीति पूर्वकं I
ददामि बुद्धि युक्तानां तं येन मां उपयान्ति ते II श्लोक 10
“To those, who are ceaselessly united with Me and who worship Me with immense love, I lovingly grant that mental disposition (Bhuddhi yOga) by which they come to Me”.
Yat cha api sarva bhutanam bijam tat aham arjuna I
Na tat asti vina yat asyat maya bhutam chara acharam II sloka 39
यत् च अपि सर्व भूतानां बीजं तत् अहं अर्जुन I
न तत् अस्ति विना यत् अस्यात मया भूतं चर अचरं II श्लोक 39
“I am also that which the seed of all beings is. Oh ArjunA! Nothing that moves or does not move, exists without Me”.
In the 40th slOkam, Lord says that “There is no limit to My divine manifestations” (nAnthO asthi Mama dhivyAnAm VibhUhteenAm Paramtapa).
Yat yat vibhuti mat sattvam srimat urjitam eva va I
Tat tat eva avagacchatvam mama tejah amsha sambhavam II sloka 41
यत् यत् विभूति मत् सत्त्वं श्रीमत् ऊर्जितं एव वा I
तत् तत् एव अवगच्छत्वं मम तेजः अंश संभवं II श्लोक 41
“Whatever being is possessed of power or of splendor or of energy, know that as coming from a fragment of My power”.
In the 42nd and concluding slOkam of the Tenth chapter, Lord instructs ArjunA that “He stands sustaining the whole universe with a fragment of His power” (vishtabhyAham idham kruthsnam yEkAmsEna sTithO jagath).
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