Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 17

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The Philosophy of Action - Sloka 16-22

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 17

Karmanah hi api bodhatvyam bodhatvyam cha vikarmanah I

Akarmanah cha bodhatvyam gahana karmanah gatih II sloka 17

कर्मणः हि अपि बोधत्व्यं बोधत्व्यं च विकर्मणः ।

अकर्मणः च बोधत्व्यं गहना कर्मणः गतिः ।। श्लोक १७

For there is what ought to be known in action. Likewise there is what ought to be know in multi-form action. And there is what ought to be understood in non-action. Thus mysterious is the way of action.

There is something whih ought to be known in regard to action (karma) which forms the means of attaining release. So also is the case of multi-forms of action (vikarma). These are what have acquired variegationas obligatory, occasional and desire prompted works requiring numerous requisites. There is also something to be known about non-action, ie knowledge of self. Therefore deep ie difficult to understand is the way of action to be pursued by the seeker after release. What should be known as regards multiform or variegated forms of karma is that the attribution of differences leading to differences of fruits in obligatory occasional & desire-prompted rites and acquisitions of things required for their performance , must be renounced, realising that the sastras aim at only one result, ie., release. 

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 16

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja  Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The Philosophy of Action - Sloka 16-22

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 16

Vidura listening to the Bhagavatham from Sage Maitreya

Kim karma kim akarma iti kavayah api atra mohitah I

Tat te karma pravakshyami yat gyatva mokshyase ashubhat II sloka 16

किं कर्म किं अकर्म इति कवयः अपि अत्र मोहितः ।

तत् ते कर्म प्रवक्ष्यामि यत् ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसे अशुभात् ।। श्लोक १६ 

What is action? What is inaction? Even the wise are puzzled in respect of these. I shall declare to you

that kind of action by knowing which you will be freed from evil. 

What is the form of action which should be done by an aspirant for liberation? And what is non-action? Knowledge about the true nature of the acting self, is spoken of as non-action. The wise and even the learned scholars, are puzzled, ie., they do not truly know, both these - the proper form of the actions to be performed and the proper form of the knowledge to be included in it. I shall teach you that action which includes knowledge within itself. Knowing ie., following it, you will be released from evil, ie., from the bondage of samsara. Knowledge about the work to be performed results in performance.

Why is it so difficult to know this karma? This is explained in the next sloka

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 15

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The four grades of People - Sloka 13-15

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 15

Namakkal Anjaneyar

Evam gyatva krutam karma purvaih api mumukshubhih I

Kuru karma eva tasmat tvam purvaih purva taram krutam II sloka 15

एवं ज्ञात्वा कृतं कर्म पूर्वैः अपि मुमुक्षुभिः ।
कुरु कर्म एव तस्मात त्वं पूर्वैः पूर्व तरं कृतं ।। श्लोक १५ 


Knowing thus, even ancient seekers of liberation did work. Do your work only as  the ancients in the olden times. 


Actions of the kind described above were performed even by the aspirants of old for liberation, who have become free from evil after knowing me in this way. Therefore after having got rid of the sins of knowledge of me in this way, perform actions in the same way as they were performed by those ancient sages like Vivasvan, Manu etc in olden times, in the way in which their performance was taught by me even then.   

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 14

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The four grades of People - Sloka 13-15

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 14

Uddhava laments Krishna leaving

Na mam karmani limpanti na me karma phale spruha I

Iti mam yah abhijanati karmabhih na sah badhyate II sloka 14

न माम कर्माणि लिम्पन्ति न मे कर्म फले स्पृहा ।
इति माम यः अभिजानाति कर्मभिः न सः बध्यते ।। श्लोक १४ 


Works do not contaminate me. In me there is no desire for fruits of actions. He who understands me thus is not bound by actions.


These actions of varied nature like creations etc., do not contaminate me ie., do not bind me. For the distinctions of gods, men etc are not brought about by me, but by the particular karmas, good and evil, of created beings. Therefore by the process of discriminating between the acquired and the inherent, it will be found that I am not the author of this varied creations. The created and embodied selves who are endowed with bodies and organs at the time of creation in accordance with their own karmas springing from the attachment to fruits etc. experience all enjoyments available in creation. Thus for them (embodied selves) alone there is a desire for the results of creation etc.and for the results of their karmas. There is no desire in me for it.


In the Vishnu Purana, Bhagavan Parasara also  says the same thing - The Lord is the only operative cause in the creation of beings. That from which the creative forces spring constitute the material cause. Leaving aside the material cause, the beings that becomes embodied, does not require the help of any other ting whatsoever. A thing is led into the condition in which it is, only by its own potentiality.


He who knows me to be the agent of creation and still a non-agent, is not tied by previous actions -ie., he is freed from old karma  which obstruct the undertaking of karma yoga by causing attachment to results.     

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 13

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of The Bhagavad Gita, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The four grades of People - Sloka 13-15

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 13

Sabari gets darshan of the Lord

Chatuh varnay am maya srushtam guna karma vibhagasah I

Tasya kartarayam m api mam viddhy akrutram aviayam II sloka 13

चतुः वर्णयाम मया सृष्टं गुण कर्म विभगसः ।

तस्य कर्तारं अपि माम विद्ध्य अक्रुत्रं अवियं ।। श्लोक १३ 

The system of 4 stations was created by Me according to the distinction of gunas  and karma. Though I am their creator, know me as non-agent and immutable.

The whole universe beginning with brahma and ending with a cluster  of grass, with the system of 4 stations divided according to sattva and other gunas and by actions like self control corresponding  to the gunas, was created by me. The mention of creation is for illustration. The universe is protected by me alone and is withdrawn by me alone. Know me to be the creator of this manifold actions of creation etc., but at the same time to be a non-agent.

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 12

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja  Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

Fruit of worship of Minor Deities - Sloka 12

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 12

Kankshantah karmanam siddhim yajante iha devatah I

Kshipram hi manushe loke sidhtih bhavati karmagya II sloka 12

काङ्क्षन्तः कर्मणां सिद्धिं यजन्ते इह देवताः ।

क्षिप्रं हि मानुषे लोके सिध्तिः भवति कर्मजा ।। श्लोक १२ 

Those who desire the fruits  of their ritualistic acts, sacrifice to gods here; for, success born of such acts quickly accrues in the world of men.

The whole universe beginning with Brahma and ending with the cluster of grass, with the system of  4 stations divided according to sattva and other gunas and by actions like self control corresponding to the gunas, was created by Me. The mention of creation is for illustration. The universe is protected by  me alone and is withdrawn by me alone. Know me to be the creator of this manifold actions of creation, but  at the same time to be a non-agent.

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 11

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

Diverse means to the same end - sloka 11

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 11

Krishna at birth

Ye yatha mam prapadyante tan tatha eva bhajami aham I

Mama vartam anuvartante manushyah partha sarvashah II sloka 11

ये यथा मां प्रपद्यन्ते तान् तथा एव भजामि अहं ।

मम वर्तम अनुवर्तन्ते मनुष्याः पार्थ सर्वशः ।। श्लोक ११ 

Whoever resorts to me in any manner, in the same manner do I favour them; men experience me alone in different ways, O Arjuna

Whoever is desirous of resorting to me , in whatever manner they think of me according to their inclinations and take refuge in ME - I favour them in the same manner as desired by them; I reveal myself to them. All men who are intent on following me do experience with their own eyes and other sense organs in all ways, ie., in every way wished by them, my form (including images) however inaccessible it might be to speech and thought of the yogins.

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 10

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja's Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 10

Dodamallur Krishna

Vita Raaga bhaya krodhah madmayah mam upasritah I
Bahavah gyana tapasa putah madbhavam agatah II sloka 10
वीत राग भय क्रोधाः मद्मयाः  माम उपाश्रिताः   ।
बहवः ज्ञान तपसा पूताः मद्भावं आगताः ।। श्लोक १० 


Freed from desire, fear & wrath, absorbed in Me, depending on Me, purified by the austerity of knowledge, many have attained My state.


Purified by the austerity called knowledge of the truth of my life and deeds, many have become transformed in this manner. The sruti says to the same effect.

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 9

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The Advent & acts of the Incarnation - 4-9

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 9

Kurukshetra

Janma karma cha me divyamevam yah vettti tattvatah I

Tyaktva deham punarjanma naiti mameti sah arjuna II sloka 9 

जन्म कर्म च मे दिव्यमेवं यः वेत्ति तत्त्वतः ।

त्यक्त्वा देहं पुनर्जन्म नैति ममेति सः अर्जुन ।। श्लोक ९ 

He who thus knows My divine birth & action does not get rebirth after leaving the body;he will come to Me, O Arjuna

He who knows truly my life and actions,- supernatural and special to me, which are intended solely for the protection of the good and to enable them to take refuge in me - Me who am devoid of birth, unlike ordinary beings whose birth is caused by karma associated with prakriti and its 3 gunas producing the evil of bondage, and who is endowed with auspicious attributes such as Lordship over all omniscience, infallible will etc.- Such a person after abandoning the present body will never be born, but will reach me only. By true knowledge of my divine birth and acts, all his sins  standing in his way of taking refuge in me are destroyed. In this birth itself, resorting to me and loving me and concentrating on me alone, he reaches me.

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 8

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The Advent & acts of the Incarnation - 4-9

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 8

Paritranaya sadhunam vinashaya cha dushkritam I

Dharma samsthapanarthaya sambhavami yuge yuge II sloka 8

परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृतं ।

धर्म संस्थापनार्थाय संभवामि युगे युगे ।। श्लोक ८ 

For the protection of the good, for the destruction of the wicked and for the establishment of dharma, I am born age after age.


The good are those that follow the dharma, as defined above. They are the foremost among the vaishnavas, who have taken refuge in me. While my name, acts and form are inaccessible to speech and thought, these devotees cannot get support and sustenancefor themselves without perceiving me. They regard even a moment's time without me as a thousand kalpas. They become broken in every limb because of the separation from me. So I am born from age to age in the forms of Gods, men etc for protecting them by affording them the opportunity to behold my form and acts and to converse with me.
I am born  also for the destruction of those who are opposed to such devotees and for the restoration of declining vedic dharma, which consists of my worship. The main purpose of incarnation is the revealing of his adorable form so that all may worship him. The destruction of the wicked is secondary only. There is no specific restriction of the yugas like Krita, Treta etc for the appearance of Divine Incarnations 

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 7

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The Advent & acts of the Incarnation - 4-9

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 7

Yada yada hi dharmasya glanir bhavati bharata I

Abhyuktanam adharmasya tadatmanam srijamyaham II sloka 7

यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य गलानिर भवति भारत ।

अभ्युक्तानां अधर्मस्य तदात्मानं स्रिजंयाहं ।। श्लोक ७

Whenever there is a decline of dharma, O Arjuna & uprising of Adharma, then I incarnate myself.

 There is no restriction to the tim of my birth; whenever Dharma taught by the vedas that must be observed by the 4 varnas (stations of society) and 4 ashramas (stages of life declines) and adharma, its opposite increases, then I myself by my own will and  in the manner stated, incarnate myself. 

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 6

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The Advent & acts of the Incarnation - 4-9

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 6

Ajah api san avyayatma bhutanam ishwarah api san I

Prakritim svam adhisthaya sambhavami atmamayaya II sloka 6

अजः अपि सं अव्ययात्मा भूतानां इश्वरह् अपि सं ।

प्रकृतिं स्वं अधिष्ठाय संभवामि आत्ममायया ।। श्लोक ६ 

Though I am birthless & of immutable nature, though I am the Lord of all beings, yet by employing My own nature (Prakriti) I am born out of My own free will.

 Without forsaking any of my special qualities, as supreme rulership, birthlessness, imperishability etc, I am born by my free will. Prakriti means one's own nature. The meaning is that by employment of my own nature and taking a form of my choice, I incarnate by My own will.

The character of my own nature becomes evident from the following sruits  : He who is of sun-like colour, beyond darkness (Tamas); He who abides beyond Rajas (Active matter);This golden Person who is within the sun; within the heart, there is the person consisting of mind, immortal and golden; All mortal creatures have come from the self-luminous person; whose form is light, whose will is truth, who is the self of ethereal space, who contains all actions, contains all desires, contains all odours & tastes; Like a raiment of golden colour. All this elaboration is meant to refute the doctrine of mere apparency of incarnations as taught by Advaitins. Ramanuja, in his Introduction to the Bhashya, upholds the absolute reality of incarnations.

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 4 - sloka 5

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The Advent & acts of the Incarnation - 4-9

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 4 -JnanaKarmaSanyasa Yoga - Sloka 5

Andal - Thiruindaloor

Bhagawan  Uvacha

Bahuni me vyatitani janmani tava cha arjuna I

Tani aham veda sarvani na tvam vettha param tapa II sloka 5

भगवन् उवाच 

बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मनि तव च अर्जुन ।

तानि अहं वेद  सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परम् तप ।। श्लोक ५ 

The Lord said

Many births of Mine have passed, O Arjuna, and so is it with you also. I know them all while you do not know them.

 By this, the reality of the Lord's birth is declared in the sentence, "Many births of Mine have passed". "so is it with you also" is added by way of illustration. 2

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 3 - Sloka 42

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The origin of sin - 36-43

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 3 -Karma Yoga - Sloka 42

Indriyani parani ahuh indriyebhyah param manah I

Manasah tu para buddhih yah buddheh paratah tu sah II sloka 42

इन्द्रियाणि पराणि आहुः इन्द्रियेभ्यः परम् मनः ।

मनसः तु परा बुद्धिः यः बुद्धेः परतः तु सः ।। श्लोक ४२ 

The senses are high they say; the mind is higher than the senses; the intellect is higher than the mind; but what is greater than the intellect is that desire.

The senses are called the important obstacles of knowledge, because when the senses keep operating on their objects, the knowledge of the self cannot arise. "The mind is higher than the senses" : even if the senses are withdrawn, if the manas (mind) ruminates over the sense objects, knowledge of the self cannot be had; "the intellect(buddhi)  is higher than the mind" ie., even if the mind is indifferent to sense objects, a perverted decision  by the intellect can obstruct the dawn of knowledge of the self. But even when all of them upto the intellect are quietened from their activity, if desire, originating from Rajas is operating, it obstructs the knowledge of the self by inducing the senses to operate in their fields. Thus it is said here, " but what is greater than the intellect is that desire" - such is the sense of the last sentence here.

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 3 - Karma Yoga - sloka 41

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashyam, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The origin of sin - 36-43

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 3 -Karma Yaoga - Sloka 41

Tasmat tvam indriyani adau niyamya bharata rishabha I

Papmanam prajahi hi enam gyan vigyan nashanam II sloka 41

तस्मात त्वां इन्द्रियाणि आदौ नियम्य भारत ऋषभ ।

पाप्मानं प्रजहि हि एनं ज्ञान विज्ञान नाशनं ।। श्लोक ४१ 

Therefore, O Arjuna, controlling the senses in the very beginning, slay this sinful thing that destroys both knowledge & discrimination.

A person engaged in Jnana Yoga, is to abandon activities of all the senses. However, desire turns him away from the self by creating infatuation for objects of the senses. For the same reason, we who are yoked to the activities of the senses, being in conjunction with Prakriti, should control the senses by practice of karma yoga. This has to be done at the very beginning since it provides for the regulation of the senses. And then we must slay this desire since it destroys knowledge and discrimination - ie. knowledge relating to the nature of self and the discrminative power, which is the means to gain this knowledge.

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 3 - sloka 40

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The origin of sin - 36-43

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 3 -Karma Yoga - Sloka 40

Indriyani mano buddhir asya adhistanam uchyate I

Etaih vimohayati eshah gyanam avrutya dehinam II sloka 40

इन्द्रियाणि मनो बुद्धिर् अस्य अधिस्तनं उच्यते ।

एतैः विमोहयति एषः ज्ञानं आवृत्य देहिनां ।। श्लोक ४० 

The senses, the mind and the intellect are said to be instruments of desire; by these it empowers the embodied self after veiling Its knowledge.

The senses, the mind and the intellect are the instruments of desire in so far as it empowers the self through them. By means of these ie, the senses mind and intellect, which have been rendered to the position of servants  through attachment to sense objects, desire deludes Prakriti by covering up its knowledge. The self is becomes a victim of these desires, turning away from its true nature and indulging in sensuous experiences.

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 3 - sloka 39

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The origin of sin - 36-43

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 3 -Karma Yaoga - Sloka 39

Avrutam gyanam etena gyaninah nitya vairina I

Kama rupena kaunteya dushpurena analena cha II sloka 39

आवृतं ज्ञानं एतेन ज्ञानिनः नित्य वैरिण ।

काम रूपेण कौन्तेय दुष्पूरेण अनलेन च ।। श्लोक ३९ 

The knowledge of the intelligent self is enveloped by this constant enemy O Arjuna, which is of the nature of desire, and which is difficult to gratify and is insatiable.

The knowledge, having the self for its subject,(the Jiva) whose nature is knowledge, is enveloped by this constant enemy in the shape of desire. This brings about attachment for sense-objects. This desire is difficult to satisfy  since it has for its object things unworthy of attainment and is insatiable, ie., never attains satisfaction.

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 3 - sloka 38

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevananda's translation of Ramanuja's Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The origin of sin - 36-43

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 3 -Karma Yaoga - Sloka 38

Melkote Tirunarayana Perumal

Dhumena avriyate vahnir yatha adarshah malenacha I

Yatha ulbena avrutah garbhah tatha ten idam avrutam II sloka 38

धूमेन आव्रियते वह्निर यथा अदर्शः मलेनाच ।

यथा उल्बेन आवृतः गर्बः तथा तेन इदं आवृतं ।। श्लोक ३८ 

As fire is enveloped by smoke, as a mirror is covered by dust, and as an  embryo is encased in the membrane, so is this world covered by desire.


As fire is enveloped by smoke, as a mirror is covered by dust, and as an  embryo is encased in the membrane, so are embodied beings covered by this desire.

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 3 - sloka 36

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevavananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The origin of sin - 36-43

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 3 -Karma Yaoga - Sloka 36

Serthi-Kanchipuram

Arjuna Uvacha

Atha kena prayuktah ayam papam charati purushah I

Anichchan api varshneya balat iva niyojitah II sloka 36

अर्जुन उवाच

अथ केन प्रयुक्तः अयं पापं चरति पुरुषः।

अनिच्छन अपि वार्ष्णेय बलात् इव नियोजितः ।। श्लोक ३६ 

Arjuna said,

But impelled by what does one (practising jnana yoga)  commit sin, even against his own will, O Varshneya, constrained as it were by force?

Impelled by what does a man practising jnana yoga commit sin in the form of experiencing the objects of the senses, as if constrained by force, even against his own will not to experience the sense objects?

Ramanuja's Gita Bhashyam - Chapter 3 - sloka 37

The entire content of this mail is from Swami Adidevavananda's translation of Ramanuja Gita Bhashya, published by Ramakrishna Mission.

The origin of sin - 36-43

1 Gita Sloka every day - Chapter 3 -Karma Yaoga - Sloka 37

Banke Bihari - Brindavan

Sri Bhagavan Uvacha

Kamah esa krodhah eshah rajah guna samudbhavah I

Mahashanoh mahapapma viddhi enam iha vairinam II sloka 37

श्री भगवान उवाच

कामः एषः क्रोधः एषः रजः गुण समुद्भवः ।

महाशनः  महापाप्मा विद्धि एनं इह वैरिणं ।। श्लोक ३७ 

The Blessed Lord said

It is desire, it is wrath born of Rajaguna: it is a great devourer, an impeller to sin. Know this as the foe here on earth.

The highly ravenous desire born of rajas guna originating from old subtle impressions. It has for its objects sound and other sense objects. It is a foe to him who is practising  jnana yoga, as he is joined with prakriti constituted constituted of the gunas which rise and subside periodically. It attracts him towards the objects of senses. It is this desire alone which, when hampered, develops into anger towards those persons who are the cause of such hindrance. It is a powerful cause of sin. It incites the aspirant to do harm to others. Know this, which is born of the guna called rajas, as the natural enemy of the jnana yogins.